Liquid Silicon offers stabilized Orthosilicic Acid formula..

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Literature concerning Choline stabilized Orthosilicic acid for human use and additional nutrients for animals.

1. Greenwood NN, Earnshaw A: Chemistry of the elements. 2nd edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1997. 

2. Martin KR: The chemistry of silica and its potential health benefits. J Nutr Health Aging 2007, 11(2):94–97. 

3. Schwarz K: Silicon, fibre, and atherosclerosis. Lancet 1977, 1(8009):454–457.  

4. Frey KS, Pottery GD: Plasma silicon and radiographic bone density in weaning quarter horses fed sodium zeolite A. Equine Vet Science 1991, 12:292–296. 

5. Candy JM, Edwardson JA, Klinowski J, Oakley AE, Perry EK, Perry RH: Colocalisation of aluminum and silicon in senile plaques: implications for the neurochemical pathology of Alzheimer's disease. In Senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Edited by Traber J, Gispen WH. Heidelberg: Springer; 1985:183–197.  

6. O'Connor CI, Nielsen BD, Woodward AD, Spooner HS, Ventura BA, Turner KK: Mineral balance in horses fed two supplemental silicon sources. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2008, 92(2):173–181. 

7. Reffitt DM, Jugdaohsingh NR, Thompson RPH, Powel JJ: Silicic acid: its gastrointestinal uptake and urinary excretion in man and effects on aluminium excretion. J Inorg Biochem 1999, 76(2):141–147. 

8. Van Dyck K, Robberecht H, Van Cauwenbergh R, Van Vlaslaer V, Deelstra H: Indication of silicon essentiality in humans. Serum concentrations in Belgian children and adults, including pregnant women. Biol Trace Elem Res 2000, 77(1):25–32.  

9. Barel A, Calomme M, Timchenko A, De Paepe K, Demeester N, Rogiers V, Clarys P, Vanden Berghe D: Effects of oral intake of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid on skin, nails, and hair in women with photodamaged skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2005, 297:147–153.  

10. Austin JH: Silicon levels in human tissues. Nobel Symp 1997, :255–268. 11. Carlisle EM: Silicon: an essential element for the chick. Science 1972, 178:619–621. 

11. Fregert S: Studies on silicon in tissues with special reference to skin. J Invest Dermatol 1958, 31(2):95–96. 

12. McNaughton SA, Bolton-Smith C, Mishra GD, Jugdaohsingh R, Powell JJ: Dietary silicon intake in post-menopausal women. Br J Nut 2005, 94:813–817. 

13. Jugdaohsingh R, Calomme MR, Robinson K, Nielsen F, Anderson SHC, D'Haese P, Geusens P, Loveridge N, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ: Increased longitudinal growth in rats on a silicon-depleted diet. Bone 2008, 43(3):596–606. 

14. Van Dyck K, Van Cauwenbergh R, Robberecht H, Deelstra H: Bioavailability of silicon from food and food supplements. Fresenius J Anal Chem 1999, 363:541–544. 

15. Sripanyakorn S, Jugdaohsingh R, Elliott H, Walker C, Mehta P, Shoukru S: The silicon content of beer and its bioavailability in healthy volunteers. Br J Nutr 2004, 91(3):403–409. 

16. Jugdaohsingh R, Reffitt DM, Oldham C, Day JP, Fifield LK, Thompson RPH: Oligomeric but not monomeric silica prevents aluminum absorption in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71(4):944–949. 

17. European Food Safety Authority: Scientific opinion of the panel on food additives and nutrient sources added to food. The EFSA Journal 2009, 948:1–23. 

18. Lassus A: Colloidal silicic acid for oral and topical treatment of aged skin, fragile hair and brittle nails in females. J Int Med Res 1993, 21(4):209–215. 

19. Schwarz K, Ricci BA, Punsar S, Karvonen MJ: Inverse relation of silicon in drinking water and atherosclerosis in Finland. Lancet 1977, 1(8010):538–539. 

20. Gonzalez-Munoz MJ, Meseguer I, Sanchez-Reus MI, Schultz A: Beer consumption reduces cerebral oxidation caused by aluminum toxicity by normalizing gene expression of tumor necrotic factor alpha and several antioxidant enzymes. Food Chem Toxicol 2008, 46(3):1111–1118. 

21. Maehira F, Ishimine N, Miyagi I, Eguchi Y, Shimada K: Anti-diabetic effects including diabetic nephropathy of anti-osteoporotic trace minerals on diabetic mice. Nutrition 2010, 27(4):488–495. 38. Dobbie JW, Smith MJB: The silicon content of body fluids. Scott Med J 1982, 27:17–19. 39. Carlisle EM: Silicon. In Biochemistry of the essential ultratrace elements. Edited by Frieden E. New York: Plenum Press; 1984:257–291. 

22. D' Haese PC, Shaheen FA, Huraid SO: Increased silicon levels in dialysis patients due to high silicon content in the drinking water, inadequate water treatment procedures, and concentrate contamination: a multicentre study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995, 10:1838–1844. 

23. Maehira F, Motomura K, Ishimine N, Miyagi I, Eguchi Y, Teruya S: Soluble silica and coral sand suppress high blood pressure and improve the related aortic gene expressions in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Nutr Res 2011, 31(2):147–156. Jurkić et al. Nutrition & Metabolism 2013, 10:2 Page 10 of 12 http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/10/1/2 

24. Carlisle EM: Silicon: a possible factor in bone calcification. Science 1970, 167:279–280. 

25. Carlisle EM: In vivo requirement for silicon in articular cartilage and connective tissue formation in the chick. J Nutr 1976, 106:478–484. 

26. Schwarz K, Miline DB: Growth promoting effects of silicon in rats. Nature 1972, 239(537):333–334. 

27. Reffitt DM, Ogston N, Jugdaohsingh R, Cheung HFJ, Evans BAJ, Thompson RPH, et al: Orthosilicic acid stimulates collagen type 1 synthesis and osteoblastic differentiation in human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Bone 2003, 32(2):127–135. 

28. Exley C, Korchazhkina O, Job D, Strekopytov S, Polwart A, Crome P: Non invasive therapy to reduce the body burden of aluminium in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2006, 10(1):17–24. 

29. Macdonald HM, Hardcastle AC, Jugdaohsingh R, Fraser WD, Reid DM, Powell JJ: Dietary silicon interacts with oestrogen to influence bone health: Evidence from the Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study. Bone 2012, 50(3):681–687. 

30. Wickett RR, Kossmann E, Barel A, Demeester N, Clarys P, Vanden Berghe D, et al: Effect of oral intake of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid on hair tensile strength and morphology in woman with fine hair. Arch Dermatol Res 2007, 299(10):499–505. 

31. Perl DP: Relationship of aluminium to Alzheimer's disease. Environ Health Perspect 1985, 63:149–153. 71. Candy JM, Oakley AE, Klinowski J, Carpenter TA, Perry EK, Blessed G, et al: Aluminosilicates and senile plaque formation in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 1986, 1(8477):354–357. 

Literature on Choline Stabilized Orthosilicic Acid for Plants

1. Effect of different grades of diatomite as silicon source on growth and yield of aerobic rice. Annals of Plant and Soil Research 17, 368-372. Anonymous. 2019. The Fertiliser (Control) Order 1985, Reprinted in 2019. The Fertiliser Association of India, New Delhi. Ashok, L.B., Swamy, G.S.K. and Prakash, N.B. 2017. 

2. Diatomaceous earth as source of silicon in tomato crop. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture, held during 25th to 28th October, 2017 at Bengaluru, India, page no. 28. Bhavya, H.K., Nachegowda, V., Jaganath S., Sreenivas, K.N. and Prakash, N.B. 2011. 

3. Effect of foliar silicic acid and boric acid in Bangalore blue grapes. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture, held during 13th to 19th September, 2011 at Beijing, China, page no. 7. Cate, R.B. and Nelson, L.A. 1965. 

4. Effect of foliar silicic acid on growth and yield attributes of rose cut flowers (Rosa hybrid L.). Plant Archives 15, 931-937. Chikkur, S., Prakash, N.B., Parameshwar, A.S. and Rajeshwari, L. 2015b. . 

5. Effect of different sources of silicon on spinach grown in chromium contaminated soil. International Journal of Chemical Studies 6(5), 68-71. Haroon, M., Bhat, A.S., Prakash, N.B., Rangaswamy, K.T. and Lingaiah. H.B. 2020. 

5. Effect of silicon on incidence and severity of purple blotch disease (Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cif.) in onion (Allium cepa L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, 429-439. http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx, data retrieved on the 22nd August 2020 Hodson, M.J., White, P.J., Mead, A. and Broadley, M.R., 2005. 

6. Phylogenetic variation in the silicon composition of plants. Annals of Botany, 96(6), pp.1027- 1046. Jeer, M., Yele, Y., Sharma, K.C. and Prakash N.B. 2020. Exogenous application of different silicon sources and potassium reduces pink stem borer damage and improves photosynthesis, yield and related parameters in wheat. Silicon. (DOI:10.1007/s12633-020- 00481-7). Kadalli, G.G., Asha, B.R. and Prakash, N.B. 2017. 

7. Effect of diatomite as a silicon source on growth, yield and quality of potato.  151  Indian Journal of Fertilisers 17 (2) Prakash et al. 72. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture, held during 25th to 28th October, 2017, Bengaluru, India, page no. 136. Kalatippi, A.S., Swamy, G.S.K., Kumbargire, G.A. and Prakash, N.B. 2017. 

8. Effect of diatomaceous earth on chlorophyll content of leaves, yield and disease occurrence in pomegranate, var. Kesar. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 5, 1298-1303. Kedarnath, Rangaswamy, K.T., Prakash, N.B., Nagaraju, N., Lakshminarayana Reddy, C.N. and Narasegowda, N.C. 2016. 

9. Effect of calcium silicate and need-based nitrogen on pest management in aerobic rice (Oryza sativa). International Journal of Plant Protection 9, 133-136. Laxmanarayanan, M., Prakash, N.B., Prabhudev, Dhumgond, Shruthi and Shrenivas, Ashrit. 2020. 

10. Slag based gypsum as a source of sulphur, calcium and silicon and its effect on soil fertility and yield and quality of groundnut in Southern India. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 20, 2698–2713. 

11. Majumdar, S. and Prakash, N.B. 2020b. An overview on the potential of silicon in promoting defence against biotic and abiotic stresses in sugarcane. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s42729-020-00269-z). 

12. Nagaratna, W., Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M., Dhananjaya, B. C., Sharanabasappa, Prakash. N. B., 2021, Effect of silicon and plant growth regulators on the biology and fitness of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a Recently invaded pest of maize in India. Silicon, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020r-00901-8. 

13. Pallavi, T. and Prakash, N.B. 2021. Yield, quality and nutrient content of tomato in response to soil drenching of silicic acid. Agricultural Research. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s40003-020-00526-8. 

14.  Sandhya, T.S., Prakash, N.B., Nagaraja, A. and Nanja Reddy, Y. A. 2020. Effect of foliar silicic acid on growth, nutrient uptake and blast disease resistance of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.]. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, 2111-2121. 

15. Tapasya, B. and Prakash, N.B. 2017. Effect of silicon amendment on soil-cadmium availability and uptake in rice grown in different moisture regimes. Journal of Plant Nutrition 40, 2440–2457. 

16. Yogendra, N.D., Prakash, N.B., Manuja, C.A, Malagi, M.T., Mahendra Kumar and Kumara, B. H. 2015. Effect of different sources of silicon on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of wetland rice. Ecology Environment and Conservation 21, 503-506.